Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
S42200 is a 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel alloyed with molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium for high-temperature strength. This datasheet presents the material within the American (ASTM / SAE / UNS) standard system.
With about 12% chromium plus molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium, 422 is a creep-resistant martensitic stainless steel that retains high strength and temper resistance at elevated temperature, up to a continuous service temperature of about 580 °C (1075 °F). The molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten additions raise the tempering resistance and creep strength, while the 12% chromium provides oxidation and corrosion resistance better than the low-alloy steels. Like other martensitic grades it is hardened by quenching and tempering, and can be tempered to different strength levels. It is widely used for steam- and gas-turbine components.
Typical applications include steam- and gas-turbine blades and buckets, high-temperature bolting and fasteners, valve components, and other power-generation parts requiring strength and temper resistance to about 580 °C.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.74 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1430–1510 | °C |
| Elastic modulus | 200 | GPa |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 11.2 | µm/m·°C |
| Thermal conductivity (100 °C) | 23.9 | W/m·K |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 460 | J/kg·K |
| Structure | Martensitic | — |
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | Fe | Balance | — | Base element |
| Chromium | Cr | 11.0 | 13.0 | Corrosion / oxidation resistance |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 0.75 | 1.25 | Temper resistance; creep strength |
| Tungsten | W | 0.75 | 1.25 | Temper resistance; creep strength |
| Vanadium | V | 0.20 | 0.30 | Carbide formation; creep strength |
| Nickel | Ni | 0.50 | 1.00 | Toughness |
| Carbon | C | 0.20 | 0.25 | Hardness; strength |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 1.00 | Deoxidiser |
| Silicon | Si | — | 0.75 | Deoxidiser |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.040 | Residual impurity |
| Sulphur | S | — | 0.030 | Residual impurity |
Hardened-and-tempered condition, per ASTM A565 for grade 616.
| Condition | Property | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Hardened & tempered | Tensile strength (UTS) | ≥965 MPa (140 ksi) |
| Hardened & tempered | 0.2% yield strength | ≥760 MPa (110 ksi) |
| Hardened & tempered | Elongation at break | ≥13 % |
| Hardened & tempered | Reduction of area | ≥30 % |
| Hardened & tempered | Hardness | ~320 HB |
Confirm against the mill test report. Properties depend on the tempering temperature selected for the service condition.
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| High-temperature oxidation | Good | To about 580 °C continuous |
| Steam | Good | Common in steam-turbine service |
| Atmospheric / general | Moderate | Better than low-alloy steels; below austenitic |
| Mild acids | Limited | Martensitic 12Cr level |
| Chloride pitting | Limited | Not for aggressive chloride service |
Corrosion and oxidation resistance is typical of 12% chromium martensitic steels — adequate for steam and elevated-temperature service but below the austenitic stainless grades.
A martensitic grade; hardened by quenching and tempering for high-temperature service.
Solution Treatment (Austenitise + Quench) Austenitise at approximately 1040–1065 °C and oil quench (or air cool) to form martensite.
Temper Temper at approximately 595–705 °C to develop the required strength and temper resistance for service to about 580 °C. A double temper is often used. Select the tempering temperature above the intended service temperature.
Weldable with care; the moderately high carbon requires preheat (~200–300 °C), interpass control and post-weld heat treatment to avoid hard, crack-sensitive martensite.
| Welding Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG | Acceptable (with PWHT) | Matching 422-type filler |
| GMAW / MIG | Acceptable (with PWHT) | Matching filler |
| SMAW / stick | Acceptable (with PWHT) | Matching electrode |
Preheat, interpass control and post-weld heat treatment are required to develop properties and avoid cracking.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Preferred condition | Annealed for machining, then harden and temper |
| Machinability | Moderate; carbide tooling for hardened material |
| Coolant | Ample flood coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Cold forming | Limited — high strength, moderate carbon |
| Hot forming | ~1150–900 °C; harden and temper afterward |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Power generation | Steam- and gas-turbine blades and buckets | Creep + temper resistance to ~580 °C |
| Fasteners | High-temperature bolting | Strength + temper resistance |
| Valves | High-temperature valve parts | Strength + oxidation resistance |
| Engine | Poppet valves, high-heat components | Strength at temperature |
| Product Form | ASTM Standard | SAE / Other |
|---|---|---|
| Bar (high-temperature service) | ASTM A565 grade 616 | — |
| Turbine-type bolting | ASTM A437 | — |
| Valve / wire stock | — | SAE J775 (616) |
| Forgings | ASTM A565 (capability) | — |
Creep-resistant 12Cr-Mo-W-V martensitic stainless steel. UNS S42200.
| UNS | Cr % | Mo % | Other | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S42200 | 11–13 | 0.75–1.25 | W, V, Ni | 12Cr-Mo-W-V creep martensitic; turbine blades to ~580 °C |
| S41000 | 11.5–13.5 | — | — | General martensitic 12Cr |
| S42000 | 12–14 | — | — | Higher-carbon martensitic 13Cr |
| S43100 | 15–17 | — | Ni | High-strength martensitic; shafts |
| S41800 | 12–14 | — | W, Ni | 12Cr-W-Ni turbine-blade martensitic (Greek Ascoloy) |
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